Welding
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Welding machines to be paralleled must operate on the same input volts and frequency. Explain why.
Observe improper paralleling.
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Is it essential to ground welding machines? Explain why or why not.
Observe arc unstable and safety precautions.
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Ferritic stainless steel filler metals are often used to avoid underbead cracking in martensitic stainless steel after welding. Is it correct? Explain why.
Observe stainless steel austenitic and ferritic.
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Postweld heat treatment can be used to stress-relieve the weld before it cools to room temperature. Explain why.
Observe austenite transformation.
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Martensitic stainless steel with higher C contents (0,25 to 0,30%) are rather susceptible to "underbead crack" when hydrogen is present during welding. Explain why.
Observe hydrogen diffusivity (austenite and martensite).
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In welding, the use of laser beam significantly reduces the distortion of the workpiece and the thermally induced stresses. Explain why.
Consider a very small total heat input per unit length of weld.
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During laser beam welding vacuum systems are required to protect the weld bead. Is it correct?
Observe laser reflection and dispersion.
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In aluminum welding, a laser beam can be reflect by its smooth surface and lose portion of total energy. Explain why.
Observe surface brightness and opaque coatings.
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Why preheating during low alloy steels welding? And posheating?
To avoid martensite transformation during welding cycles
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What is the basic difference between welded beads and brazed beads?
The first one melts the base metal; the brazed beads do not.
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Is there diffusion zone in welded beads?
The zone between welded beads and the base metal
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Suppose the base metal steel AISI 8630. It is necessary some preheating cycle before and during welding (MMA, mig/mag, tig)?
The low alloy steels ever need preheating cycles to avoid brittle phases - bainite and martensite.
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What is the definition of "hot cracking" and "cold cracking"?
Wrong welding thermal cycles and procedures (MMA, tig, mig/mag).
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Does hydrogen induced cracking occur in welded sheet joints?
Hydrogen fragility affects many welded joints. Why?
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Lamellar tearing promotes irreparable defects. Does it occur during or after low carbon steel sheets welding?
Aligned inclusions cause lamellar tearing
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Arc blow is one welding defect among others. What type? Mechanical, Electrical or metallurgical defect?
Arc blow causes many welding defects.
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