A small device used to store huge amount of electric charge in a small room is called capacitor. Take an insulated metal plate A. Charge the plate to its maximum potential. Now take another insulated plate B. Take the plate B nearer to plate A. You will observe that negative charge will be produce on the plate near to plate A and the same amount of positive charge will be produced on the other side of plate B. Now the plate B will start affecting the plate A slowly. The negative charge will start decreasing the electric potential of plate A. But positive charge helps in increasing the potential. But the effect of negative charge is much more than that of the positive because the negative side of plate is near to the plate A. So potential of A will start decreasing and it can be charged again to raise its potential to maximum.
Capacitor is a Pasive device with two terminals that stores potential energy in form of electrostatic charge. Capacitor basically known as condenser. The principle of capacitor is based on the fact that the potential of conductor drastically reduced and its capacity is increased without affecting the electric charge in it by placing an another earth connected conductor or an oppositely charged conductor in its vicinity. These arrangement is therefore able to store electric charge.