Numbers. Numbers are one of the most frequently-seen data types in Excel. They can be formatted with a customized number of decimal places, and appear with or without commas separating the thousands digits. Numbers can be added, subtracted, divided, multiplied, or included in formulas and functions that accept numerical inputs.
Dates. Excel can display dates in any number of ways, including the classic US-style MM/DD/YYYY format. Dates can be added or subtracted using standard addition and subtraction, and can also be manipulated using a slew of date-based functions. Interestingly, dates in Excel are technically also stores as numbers, with each date represented as the number of days elapsed since January 1, 1900. For example, the date May 6, 2019 is stored in Excel as the number 42,129, because there are 42,129 days between January 1, 1900, and May 6, 2019.
Percentages. Numbers can also be formatted as percentages, which multiplies the given number by 100 and adds a percentage sign at the end. For example, the number 0.08 is equivalent to the percentage 8%.
Strings. Text is stored in Excel in a format called a string. Strings of text can contain standard characters such as letters, numbers, and punctuation; strings can be manipulated via text-manipulation functions like MID and RIGHT